A study on tiredness assessment by using eye blink detection

In this paper, the loss of attention of automotive drivers is studied by using eye blink detection. Facial landmark detection for detecting eye is explored. Afterward, eye blink is detected using Eye Aspect Ratio. By comparing the time of eye closure to a particular period, the driver’s tiredness is decided. The total number of eye blinks in a minute is counted to detect drowsiness. Calculation of total eye blinks in a minute for the driver is done, then compared it with a known standard value. If any of the above conditions fulfills, the system decides the driver is unconscious. A total of 120 samples were taken by placing the light source front, back, and side. There were 40 samples for each position of the light source. The maximum error rate occurred when the light source was placed back with a 15% error rate. The best scenario was 7.5% error rate where the light source was placed front side. The eye blinking process gave an average error of 11.67% depending on the various position of the light source. Another 120 samples were taken at a different time of the day for calculating total eye blink in a minute. The maximum number of blinks was in the morning with an average blink rate of 5.78 per minute, and the lowest number of blink rate was in midnight with 3.33% blink rate. The system performed satisfactorily and achieved the eye blink pattern with 92.7% accuracy

Decorative design of ceramic tiles adapted to inkjet printing employing digital image processing

[ES] El sector productivo de pavimentos y revestimientos cerámicos es una industria muy competitiva. La capacidad de los diseñadores de ofrecer modelos con nuevos diseños de la cara vista, adaptados a los medios de producción, juega un papel muy importante en la competitividad. En el presente trabajo se analiza la evolución del proceso de diseño en el sector cerámico, así como los cambios experimentados de forma paralela por los medios de impresión. A continuación se presenta un nuevo concepto de diseño de baldosa cerámica, basado en procesado de imagen digital. Esta técnica permite la generación de diseños homogéneos y no repetitivos de grandes superficies, especialmente pensados para la decoración mediante inyección de tinta. Con los algoritmos programados se ha creado un programa informático prototipo de ayuda al diseño cerámico. Esta herramienta permite crear diseños continuos para grandes superficies ahorrando tiempo de desarrollo.[EN] The ceramic tile sector is a very competitive industry. The designer's proficiency to offer new models of the decorated surface, adapted to the production means, plays a very important role in the competitiveness. In the present work, we analyze the evolution of the design process in the ceramic sector, as much as the changes experimented in parallel by the printing equipment. Afterwards, we present a new concept of ceramic design, based on digital image processing. This technique allows the generation of homogeneous and non-repetitive designs for large surfaces, especially thought for inkjet printing. With the programmed algorithms we have compiled a prototype software for the assistance of the ceramic design. This tool allows creating continuous designs for large surfaces saving developing time.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por la Empresa Smalticeram S.A. dentro del proyecto “JUST TO PRINT” SEI-010000-2009-453 financiado por el Ministerio de Industria Turismo y Comercio; y por la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia en el marco del proyecto “DESARROLLO DE TÉCNICAS DE PROCESADO DE IMAGEN DIGITAL PARA LA CREACIÓN DE DECORACIÓN CERÁMICA FLEXIBLE” dentro de Programa de Apoyo a la Investigación y Desarrollo U.P.V. (PAID-05-10).Defez Garcia, B.; Santiago Praderas, VM.; Lluna Gil, E.; Peris Fajarnes, G.; Dunai, L. (2013). Diseño decorativo de pavimentos cerámicos adaptado a inyección de tinta mediante tratamiento digital de imagen. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio. 52(4):177-182. https://doi.org/10.3989/cyv.232013S17718252

Feasibility Analysis of AI based Wearable Data-driven Solution for Safety and Health in Sweden

This thesis investigates the prospects of AI and IoT based wearable solution in order to enhance the occupational safety and health. Thus this study contributes to find the probable use cases that can be suitable for such a technology. Later also investigation has been done to figure out how appropriate the Swedish market will be to target on. At the beginning of the thesis, it includes an overall scenario about the occupational safety/health globally as well as in Sweden. Later to improve the workplace injuries, how AI based wearable solution can be handy has been visualized. The theoretical framework explains the technical features and working mechanism and how it can implement in a real world. The methods that can be applied for such research has been discussed afterwards. Then investigation has been done to find the probable use cases and Swedish market has been analyzed to verify how fit the solution. The result chapter includes the finding of the analysis thereafter. To conclude, it has been figured out that few of the us cases for Swedish industries can certainly be applicable for such AI based wearable solution to improve the workplace safety scenario.Denna avhandling undersöker utsikterna för AI och IoT-baserad bärbar lösning för att förbättra arbetssäkerheten och hälsan. Således bidrar denna studie till att hitta de sannolika användningsfall som kan vara lämpliga för en sådan teknik. Senare har också undersökningar gjorts för att ta reda på hur lämpligt den svenska marknaden ska vara inriktad på. I början av avhandlingen ingår det ett övergripande scenario om arbetssäkerhet / hälsa globalt såväl som i Sverige. Senare för att förbättra arbetsplatsskadorna, hur AI-baserad bärbar lösning kan vara användbar har visualiserats. Den teoretiska ramen förklarar de tekniska funktionerna och arbetsmekanismen och hur den kan genomföras i en verklig värld. De metoder som kan tillämpas för sådan forskning har diskuterats efteråt. Sedan har undersökningen gjorts för att hitta de sannolika användningsfallen och den svenska marknaden har analyserats för att verifiera hur lämplig lösningen är. Resultatet kapitlet innehåller analysen av analysen därefter. Avslutningsvis har det visat sig att få av användningsärenden för svenska industrier säkert kan tillämpas för en sådan AI-baserad bärbar lösning för att förbättra arbetssäkerhetsscenariot

Feasibility Analysis of AI based Wearable Data-driven Solution for Safety and Health in Sweden

This thesis investigates the prospects of AI and IoT based wearable solution in order to enhance the occupational safety and health. Thus this study contributes to find the probable use cases that can be suitable for such a technology. Later also investigation has been done to figure out how appropriate the Swedish market will be to target on. At the beginning of the thesis, it includes an overall scenario about the occupational safety/health globally as well as in Sweden. Later to improve the workplace injuries, how AI based wearable solution can be handy has been visualized. The theoretical framework explains the technical features and working mechanism and how it can implement in a real world. The methods that can be applied for such research has been discussed afterwards. Then investigation has been done to find the probable use cases and Swedish market has been analyzed to verify how fit the solution. The result chapter includes the finding of the analysis thereafter. To conclude, it has been figured out that few of the us cases for Swedish industries can certainly be applicable for such AI based wearable solution to improve the workplace safety scenario.Denna avhandling undersöker utsikterna för AI och IoT-baserad bärbar lösning för att förbättra arbetssäkerheten och hälsan. Således bidrar denna studie till att hitta de sannolika användningsfall som kan vara lämpliga för en sådan teknik. Senare har också undersökningar gjorts för att ta reda på hur lämpligt den svenska marknaden ska vara inriktad på. I början av avhandlingen ingår det ett övergripande scenario om arbetssäkerhet / hälsa globalt såväl som i Sverige. Senare för att förbättra arbetsplatsskadorna, hur AI-baserad bärbar lösning kan vara användbar har visualiserats. Den teoretiska ramen förklarar de tekniska funktionerna och arbetsmekanismen och hur den kan genomföras i en verklig värld. De metoder som kan tillämpas för sådan forskning har diskuterats efteråt. Sedan har undersökningen gjorts för att hitta de sannolika användningsfallen och den svenska marknaden har analyserats för att verifiera hur lämplig lösningen är. Resultatet kapitlet innehåller analysen av analysen därefter. Avslutningsvis har det visat sig att få av användningsärenden för svenska industrier säkert kan tillämpas för en sådan AI-baserad bärbar lösning för att förbättra arbetssäkerhetsscenariot

Feasibility Analysis of AI based Wearable Data-driven Solution for Safety and Health in Sweden

This thesis investigates the prospects of AI and IoT based wearable solution in order to enhance the occupational safety and health. Thus this study contributes to find the probable use cases that can be suitable for such a technology. Later also investigation has been done to figure out how appropriate the Swedish market will be to target on. At the beginning of the thesis, it includes an overall scenario about the occupational safety/health globally as well as in Sweden. Later to improve the workplace injuries, how AI based wearable solution can be handy has been visualized. The theoretical framework explains the technical features and working mechanism and how it can implement in a real world. The methods that can be applied for such research has been discussed afterwards. Then investigation has been done to find the probable use cases and Swedish market has been analyzed to verify how fit the solution. The result chapter includes the finding of the analysis thereafter. To conclude, it has been figured out that few of the us cases for Swedish industries can certainly be applicable for such AI based wearable solution to improve the workplace safety scenario.Denna avhandling undersöker utsikterna för AI och IoT-baserad bärbar lösning för att förbättra arbetssäkerheten och hälsan. Således bidrar denna studie till att hitta de sannolika användningsfall som kan vara lämpliga för en sådan teknik. Senare har också undersökningar gjorts för att ta reda på hur lämpligt den svenska marknaden ska vara inriktad på. I början av avhandlingen ingår det ett övergripande scenario om arbetssäkerhet / hälsa globalt såväl som i Sverige. Senare för att förbättra arbetsplatsskadorna, hur AI-baserad bärbar lösning kan vara användbar har visualiserats. Den teoretiska ramen förklarar de tekniska funktionerna och arbetsmekanismen och hur den kan genomföras i en verklig värld. De metoder som kan tillämpas för sådan forskning har diskuterats efteråt. Sedan har undersökningen gjorts för att hitta de sannolika användningsfallen och den svenska marknaden har analyserats för att verifiera hur lämplig lösningen är. Resultatet kapitlet innehåller analysen av analysen därefter. Avslutningsvis har det visat sig att få av användningsärenden för svenska industrier säkert kan tillämpas för en sådan AI-baserad bärbar lösning för att förbättra arbetssäkerhetsscenariot

Color transform analysis for microscale image segmentation to study halftone model parameters

This article presents a comprehensive study of 30 color transforms to accurately segment images of halftone prints and thus calculating the parameters of a color prediction model. The transforms are evaluated combining three metrics: the model accuracy,Otsu’s discriminant, and correlation coefficients of histograms. Hierarchical cluster analysis is applied to determine the thresholds to segment the image histogram into paper, ink and mixed area. Among the 30 different transforms discussed in this article, 21 channels are of 7 color space models (RGB, CMYK, CIELAB, HSV, YIQ, YCbCr, and XYZ) and the other 9 channels are specially designed. Notable increase in model accuracy validates the segmentation accuracy and the necessity of choosing the appropriate transform. A set of 180 halftone images of different print properties (such as paper, halftone, ink and printing technology) has been used for the evaluation. It is found that, the most appropriate transform depends on the type of primary ink, but the corresponding transforms in CMYK color space model have shown consistent performance. CMYK-C, XYZ-Y and LAB-B are the best transforms for Cyan, Magenta and Yellow ink color respectively. YIQ-I and HSV-S are good candidates if a single transform is to be chosen for all primary ink colors

Experimental analysis for modeling color of halftone images

Reflectance models such as the monochrome Murray–Davies (MD) and the Neugebauer color equations make inaccurate predictions owing to changes in reflectance or tristimulus values (TSVs) of halftone dots and the paper between the dots. In this paper, we characterize the change of micro-TSVs as a function of printed area in spectral halftone image by a power function and compare its prediction efficiency using theoretically and experimentally measured limiting TSVs assuming dots of uniform thickness. We found that experimentally accounting for dot thickness variations as solid and mixed areas more precisely explained the single-model parameter that captured the observed lateral light scattering effect. The results showed that incorporating empirically modeled TSVs of the dots and the paper between dots, as well as introducing a new term addressing mixed area in the MD equation, produced CIE ΔE* ab in the range 1.22–1.76, and the overall gain was more than 1 ΔE* ab.Export Date: 17 March 2015</p

A Novel Approach to Using Spectral Imaging to Classify Dyes in Colored Fibers

In the field of cultural heritage, applied dyes on textiles are studied to explore their great artistic and historic values. Dye analysis is essential and important to plan correct restoration, preservation and display strategy in museums and art galleries. However, most of the existing diagnostic technologies are destructive to the historical objects. In contrast to that, spectral reflectance imaging is potential as a non-destructive and spatially resolved technique. There have been hardly any studies in classification of dyes in textile fibers using spectral imaging. In this study, we show that spectral imaging with machine learning technique is capable in preliminary screening of dyes into the natural or synthetic class. At first, sparse logistic regression algorithm is applied on reflectance data of dyed fibers to determine some discriminating bands. Then support vector machine algorithm (SVM) is applied for classification considering the reflectance of the selected spectral bands. The results show nine selected bands in short wave infrared region (SWIR, 1000&ndash;2500 nm) classify dyes with 97.4% accuracy (kappa 0.94). Interestingly, the results show that fairly accurate dye classification can be achieved using the bands at 1480nm, 1640 nm, and 2330 nm. This indicates possibilities to build an inexpensive handheld screening device for field studies